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Kamada Reports Strong Third Quarter and Nine Month 2025 Financial Results with over 30% Year-over-Year Profitability Growth

  • Third Quarter Revenues of $47.0 Million, up 13% Year-over-Year, and Adjusted EBITDA of $11.7 Million, up 34% Year-Over Year
  • Nine Month Revenue of $135.8 Million, up 11% Year-over-Year; Adjusted EBITDA of $34.2 Million, up 35% Year-over-Year
  • Positive Outlook for Remainder of 2025 Based on the Company’s Diverse Product Portfolio Supports Full-Year Revenue Guidance of $178 Million-$182 Million and Adjusted EBITDA of $40 Million-$44 Million 
  • Generated $17.9 Million of Cash from Operations During First Nine Months of 2025; as of September 30, 2025, had $72.0 Million of Available Cash
  • Company Continues to Focus on Advancing Business Development Opportunities to Support Continued Long-Term Annual Double-Digit Profitable Growth
  • Interim Futility Analysis of the Pivotal Phase 3 InnovAATe Clinical Trial for the Inhaled AAT Therapy to be Conducted in Current Quarter
  • Conference Call and Live Webcast Today at 8:30am ET

REHOVOT, Israel, and HOBOKEN, N.J., Nov. 10, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Kamada Ltd. (NASDAQ: KMDA; TASE: KMDA.TA), a global biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of marketed products indicated for rare and serious conditions and a leader in the specialty plasma-derived field, today announced financial results for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2025.

“Our strong operational and financial momentum continues as we delivered the strongest quarter of the year,” said Amir London, Kamada’s Chief Executive Officer. “We continue to execute on our strategy and generate significant profitable growth through the diversity of our product portfolio. Total revenues for the first nine months of the year of $135.8 million, representing an 11% year-over-year increase, and adjusted EBITDA of $34.2 million, up 35% year-over-year, representing a 25% margin of revenues. Based on our consistent, strong performance in the first nine months of the year, disciplined management of operational expenses, and positive outlook for the remainder of 2025, we are reiterating our full-year 2025 revenue guidance of between $178 million to $182 million and our annual adjusted EBITDA guidance of $40 million to $44 million.”

“We have consistently demonstrated our ability to convert profitability to operational cash flow, as we generated $17.9 million of cash from operating activities during the first nine months of the year, contributing to our strong cash position as of the end of the quarter of $72.0 million. As we advance our business development initiatives, we plan to leverage our financial strength to enrich our portfolio of marketed products and support our continued long-term annual double-digit profitable growth,” added Mr. London.

“Earlier this year we announced the launch of a comprehensive post-marketing research program for CYTOGAM® with the aim of generating key data in support of the benefits of the product in the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in solid organ transplantation. In connection with this program, we announced last week the initiation of the investigator-initiated SHIELD study, which will be conducted by leading experts in CMV and organ transplantation, investigating the benefits of CYTOGAM administered at the conclusion of the anti-viral prophylaxis to reduce the risk of clinically significant late CMV in kidney transplant recipients,” continued Mr. London.

“We continue to invest in our plasma collection operations and recently reported the receipt of an FDA approval for our Houston facility. We are ramping up plasma collection at our three operational centers and are in active discussions with potential customers to secure long-term sales agreements for normal source plasma.   Lastly, we continue to advance our ongoing pivotal Phase 3 InnovAATe clinical trial for our inhaled Alpha-1 Antitrypsin therapy, with the interim futility analysis to be conducted by the end of this year,” concluded Mr. London.

Financial Highlights for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2025

  • Total revenues were $47.0 million in the third quarter of 2025, up 13% compared to $41.7 million in the third quarter of 2024. Consistent with previous quarters of the year, the increase in revenues was driven by the diversity of the Company’s portfolio, primarily attributable to increased sales of GLASSIA® in ex-U.S. markets, increased sales in the Distribution segment, as well as VARIZIG® U.S. sales.
  • Gross profit and gross margins were $19.8 million and 42%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2025, compared to $17.2 million and 41%, respectively, in the third quarter of 2024. The increase in both metrics is attributable to the continued improved sales mix and overall increased commercial scale.
  • Operating expenses, including R&D, S&M, G&A and other expenses, totaled $11.9 million in the third quarter of 2025, consistent with the level of these expenses in the third quarter of 2024. The reduction in R&D expenses during the quarter was mainly related to development projects timing changes.
  • Net income was $5.3 million, or $0.09 per diluted share, in the third quarter of 2025, up 37% as compared to $3.9 million, or $0.07 per diluted share, in the third quarter of 2024.
  • Adjusted EBITDA, as detailed in the tables below, was $11.7 million in the third quarter of 2025, up 34% over the $8.8 million achieved in the third quarter of 2024.
  • Cash provided by operating activities was $10.4 million in the third quarter of 2025, as compared to cash provided by operating activities of $22.2 million in the third quarter of 2024. The decrease is associated with the increase in working capital that supports the Company’s continued growth.

Financial Highlights for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025

  • Total revenues for the first nine months of 2025 were $135.8 million, an 11% increase from the $121.9 million generated in the first nine months of 2024. The overall increase in revenues was driven by the diversity of the Company’s portfolio, primarily attributable to increased sales of GLASSIA® in ex U.S. markets, increased sales in the Distribution segment, as well as VARIZIG® U.S. sales.
  • Gross profit and gross margins for the first nine months of 2025 were $59.4 million and 44%, respectively, compared to $52.9 million and 43%, respectively, in the first nine months of 2024. The increase in gross profit is in line with the continued improved sales mix and overall increased commercial scale.
  • Operating expenses, including R&D, S&M, G&A and other expenses, totaled $36.8 million in the first nine months of 2025, as compared to $38.0 million in the first nine months of 2024. The reduction in R&D expenses, year over-year, was mainly related to development projects timing changes.
  • Net income for the first nine months of 2025 was $16.6 million, or $0.29 per diluted share, a 56% increase as compared to net income of $10.7 million or $0.18 per diluted share, in the first nine months of 2024.
  • Adjusted EBITDA, as detailed in the tables below, was $34.2 million in the first nine months of 2025, a 35% increase as compared to $25.4 million in the first nine months of 2024.
  • Cash provided by operating activities during the first nine months of 2025 was approximately $17.9 million, as compared to $37.2 million during the first nine months of 2024. The decrease was associated with the increase in working capital that supports the Company’s continued growth.

Balance Sheet Highlights
As of September 30, 2025, Kamada had cash and cash equivalents of $72.0 million, as compared to $78.4 million as of December 31, 2024. While cash provided by operating activities totaled $17.9 million, net cash used in investment activities of $7.1 million and net cash used in financing activities of $17.2 million, of which $11.5 million was associated with the payment of a special cash dividend, collectively resulted in an overall decrease in cash balance.

Recent Corporate Highlights

  • Announced that the first patient was enrolled into an investigator-initiated post-marketing clinical trial of CYTOGAM® (CMV-IGIV) to prevent late CMV infection, a common post-transplant infectious complication that remains an unaddressed medical need despite recent advances in anti-viral drug therapies. The Strategic Help with Immunoglobulin to Enhance protection against Late Disease (CMV), or SHIELD study, is a prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter investigator-initiated study in CMV high-risk kidney transplant recipients.
  • Announced that the FDA has approved the supplement to the Company’s existing Biologics License Application (BLA) for Kamada Plasma’s collection center in Houston, TX. The approval was obtained following an on-site inspection made by the FDA during the second quarter of this year. The center is now cleared to commence commercial sales of normal source plasma. The 12,000 square foot Houston facility supports 50 donor beds, with a planned capacity of approximately 50,000 liters per year and is anticipated to be one of the largest collection centers for specialty plasma in the U.S. Kamada intends to seek a subsequent inspection and approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) of this site.

Fiscal 2025 Guidance
Kamada is reiterating its annual financial guidance comprising of 2025 total revenues in the range of $178 million to $182 million and adjusted EBITDA guidance in the range of $40 million to $44 million, representing double digit top- and bottom-line growth year-over-year.

Conference Call Details
Kamada’s management will host an investment community conference call on Monday, November 10, at 8:30am Eastern Time to discuss these results and answer questions. Shareholders and other interested parties may participate in the call by dialing 1-877-407-0792 (from within the U.S.), 1-809-406-247 (from Israel), or 1-201-689- 8263 (International) using conference I.D. 13756537. The call will be webcast live on the internet at: https://viavid.webcasts.com/starthere.jsp?ei=1738840&tp_key=92257bc662.

Non-IFRS financial measures
We present EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA because we use these non-IFRS financial measures to assess our operational performance, for financial and operational decision-making, and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons on a consistent basis. Management believes these non-IFRS financial measures are useful to investors because: (1) they allow for greater transparency with respect to key metrics used by management in its financial and operational decision-making and provide investors with a meaningful perspective on the current underlying performance of the Company’s core ongoing operations; and (2) they exclude the impact of certain items that are not directly attributable to our core operating performance and that may obscure trends in the core operating performance of the business. Non-IFRS financial measures have limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, our IFRS results. We expect to continue reporting non-IFRS financial measures, adjusting for the items described below, and we expect to continue to incur expenses similar to certain of the non-cash, non-IFRS adjustments described below. Accordingly, unless otherwise stated, the exclusion of these and other similar items in the presentation of non-IFRS financial measures should not be construed as an inference that these items are unusual, infrequent or non-recurring. EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are not recognized terms under IFRS and do not purport to be an alternative to IFRS terms as an indicator of operating performance or any other IFRS measure. Moreover, because not all companies use identical measures and calculations, the presentation of EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies. EBITDA is defined as net income (loss), plus income tax expense, plus or minus financial income or expenses, net, plus or minus income or expense in respect of securities measured at fair value, net, plus or minus income or expenses in respect of currency exchange differences and derivatives instruments, net, plus depreciation and amortization expense, whereas adjusted EBITDA is the EBITDA plus non-cash share-based compensation expenses and certain other costs.

For the projected 2025 adjusted EBITDA information presented herein, the Company is unable to provide a reconciliation of this forward measure to the most comparable IFRS financial measure because the information for these measures is dependent on future events, many of which are outside of the Company’s control. Additionally, estimating such forward-looking measures and providing a meaningful reconciliation consistent with the Company’s accounting policies for future periods is meaningfully difficult and requires a level of precision that is unavailable for these future periods and cannot be accomplished without unreasonable effort. Forward-looking non-IFRS measures are estimated in a manner consistent with the relevant definitions and assumptions noted in the Company’s adjusted EBITDA for historical periods.

About Kamada
Kamada Ltd. (the “Company”) is a global biopharmaceutical company with a portfolio of marketed products indicated for rare and serious conditions and a leader in the specialty plasma-derived therapies field. The Company’s strategy is focused on driving profitable growth through four primary growth pillars: First, organic growth from its commercial activities, including continued investment in the commercialization and life cycle management of its proprietary products, which include six FDA-approved specialty plasma-derived products: KEDRAB®, CYTOGAM®, GLASSIA®, WINRHO SDF®, VARIZIG® and HEPAGAM B®, as well as KAMRAB®, KAMRHO (D)® and two types of equine-based anti-snake venom products, and the products in the distribution segment portfolio, mainly through the launch of several biosimilar products in Israel. Second: the Company aims to secure significant new business development, in-licensing, collaboration and/or merger and acquisition opportunities, which are anticipated to enhance the Company’s marketed products portfolio and leverage its financial strength and existing commercial infrastructure to drive long-term growth. Third: the Company is expanding its plasma collection operations to support revenue growth through the sale of normal source plasma to other plasma-derived manufacturers, and to support its increasing demand for hyper-immune plasma. The Company currently owns three operating plasma collection centers in the United States, in Beaumont Texas, Houston Texas, and San Antonio, Texas. Lastly, the Company is leveraging its manufacturing, research and development expertise to advance the development and commercialization of additional product candidates, targeting areas of significant unmet medical need, with the lead product candidate Inhaled AAT, for which the Company is continuing to progress the InnovAATe clinical trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, pivotal Phase 3 trial. FIMI Opportunity Funds, the leading private equity firm in Israel, is the Company’s controlling shareholder, beneficially owning approximately 38% of the outstanding ordinary shares.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This release includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are statements that are not historical facts, including statements regarding: 1) positive outlook for the remainder of 2025, supporting the reiteration of our full-year 2025 revenue guidance of between $178 million to $182 million and our annual adjusted EBITDA guidance of $40 million to $44 million; 2) leveraging the Company’s financial strength to enrich our portfolio of marketed products and support our continued long-term annual double-digit profitable growth; 3) futility analysis of the Pivotal Phase 3 InnovAATe Clinical Trial for the Inhaled AAT Therapy to be conducted by the end of 2025; 4) launching a comprehensive post marketing research program for CYTOGAM® with the aim of generating key data in support of the benefits of the product in the management of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in solid organ transplantation; 5) discussions with potential customers to secure long-term sales agreements for normal source plasma; 6) the site in Houston, TX planned capacity of approximately 50,000 liters per year, anticipated to be one of the largest collection centers for specialty plasma in the U.S.; and 7) the intention to seek a subsequent inspection and approval by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) of the Houston site. Forward-looking statements are based on Kamada’s current knowledge and its present beliefs and expectations regarding possible future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors including, but not limited to the evolving nature of the conflicts in the Middle East and the impact of such conflicts in Israel, the Middle East and the rest of the world, the impact of these conflicts on market conditions and the general economic, industry and political conditions in Israel, the U.S. and globally, effect of potential imposed tariff on overall international trade and specifically on Kamada’s ability to continue maintaining expected sales and profit levels in light of such potential tariff, the effect on establishment and timing of business initiatives, Kamada’s ability to leverage new business opportunities and integrate it with its existing product portfolio, unexpected results of clinical and development programs, regulatory approvals and regulatory delays,  and other risks detailed in Kamada’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) including those discussed in its most recent Annual Report on Form 20-F and in any subsequent reports on Form 6-K, each of which is on file or furnished with the SEC and available at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. The forward-looking statements made herein speak only as of the date of this announcement and Kamada undertakes no obligation to update publicly such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as otherwise required by law.

CONTACTS:
Chaime Orlev
Chief Financial Officer
IR@kamada.com

Brian Ritchie
LifeSci Advisors, LLC
212-915-2578
britchie@LifeSciAdvisors.com

       
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
       
  As of
September 30,
  As of
December 31,
 
  2025  2024  2024 
  Unaudited    
Assets         
Current Assets         
Cash and cash equivalents $71,997  $72,001  $78,435 
Trade receivables, net  31,379   16,295   21,547 
Other accounts  receivables  3,945   4,555   5,546 
Inventories  85,413   71,558   78,819 
Total Current Assets  192,734   164,409   184,347 
             
Non-Current Assets            
Property, plant and equipment, net  38,100   33,746   36,245 
Right-of-use assets  9,189   9,854   9,617 
Intangible assets and other long-term assets  99,186   104,728   103,226 
Goodwill  30,313   30,313   30,313 
Contract assets  7,688   8,159   8,019 
Deferred taxes        488 
Total Non-Current Assets  184,476   186,800   187,908 
Total Assets $377,210  $351,209  $372,255 
Liabilities            
Current Liabilities            
Current maturities of lease liabilities  1,912   1,586   1,631 
Current maturities of other long term liabilities  10,585   9,480   10,181 
Trade payables  24,875   14,786   27,735 
Other accounts payables  9,443   8,104   9,671 
Deferred revenues  1,022   41   171 
Total Current Liabilities  47,837   33,997   49,389 
             
Non-Current Liabilities            
Lease liabilities  9,558   9,574   9,431 
Contingent consideration  19,730   17,630   20,646 
Other long-term liabilities  32,539   34,121   32,816 
Deferred taxes  1,723       
Employee benefit liabilities, net  591   618   509 
Total Non-Current Liabilities  64,141   61,943   63,402 
             
Shareholder’s Equity            
Ordinary shares  15,077   15,024   15,028 
Additional paid in capital  net  268,222   266,588   266,933 
Capital reserve due to translation to presentation currency  (3,490)  (3,490)  (3,490)
Capital reserve from hedges  346   16   51 
Capital reserve from share-based payments  5,339   6,394   6,316 
Capital reserve from employee benefits  374   283   364 
Accumulated deficit  (20,636)  (29,546)  (25,738)
Total Shareholder’s Equity  265,232   255,269   259,464 
Total Liabilities and Shareholder’s Equity $377,210  $351,209  $372,255 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
 
  Nine months period ended  Three months period ended  Year ended 
  September 30,  September 30,  December 31, 
  2025  2024  2025  2024  2024 
  Unaudited  Unaudited    
                
Revenues from proprietary products $117,976  $110,032  $39,523  $37,128  $141,447 
Revenues from distribution  17,806   11,916   7,487   4,612   19,506 
                     
Total revenues  135,782   121,948   47,010   41,740   160,953 
                     
Cost of revenues from proprietary products  61,464   59,207   20,884   20,869   73,708 
Cost of revenues from distribution  14,878   9,805   6,364   3,637   17,278 
                     
Total cost of revenues  76,342   69,012   27,248   24,506   90,986 
                     
Gross profit  59,440   52,936   19,762   17,234   69,967 
                     
Research and development expenses  10,101   12,512   2,636   3,414   15,185 
Selling and marketing expenses  13,573   13,862   4,505   4,501   18,428 
General and administrative expenses  13,084   11,578   4,819   4,014   15,702 
Other expenses (income)     11   (14)  11   601 
Operating income  22,682   14,973   7,816   5,294   20,051 
                     
Financial income  1,479   1,434   492   646   2,118 
Income (expenses) in respect of currency exchange differences and derivatives instruments, net  (766)  255   (43)  (60)  (94)
Financial Income (expense) in respect of contingent consideration and other long- term liabilities.  (4,057)  (5,316)  (1,677)  (1,766)  (8,081)
Financial expenses  (605)  (471)  (221)  (167)  (660)
Income (expense) before tax on income  18,733   10,875   6,367   3,947   13,334 
Taxes on income  (2,097)  (221)  (1,071)  (84)  1,128 
                     
Net income (loss) $16,636  $10,654  $5,296  $3,863  $14,462 
                     
Other comprehensive income (loss) :                    
Amounts that will be or that have been reclassified to profit or loss when specific conditions are met:                    
Gain (loss) from securities measured at fair value through other comprehensive income                    
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedges  770   (63)  207   32   (30)
Net amounts transferred to the statement of profit or loss for cash flow hedges  (475)  (61)  (317)  (4)  (59)
Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods:                    
Remeasurement gain (loss) from defined benefit plan  10   8         89 
Total comprehensive income (loss) $16,941  $10,538  $5,186  $3,891  $14,462 
                     
Earnings per share attributable to equity   holders of the Company:                    
Basic net earnings per share $0.29  $0.19  $0.09  $0.07  $0.25 
Diluted net earnings per share $0.29  $0.18  $0.09  $0.07  $0.25 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
 
  Nine months period Ended  Three months period Ended  Year Ended 
  September, 30  September, 30  December 31, 
  2025  2024  2025  2024  2024 
  Unaudited    
  U.S Dollars In thousands 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities               
Net income $16,636  $10,654  $5,296  $3,863  $14,462 
                     
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:                    
                     
Adjustments to the profit or loss items:                    
                     
Depreciation and impairment  11,117   9,708   3,760   3,242   13,808 
Financial expenses, net  3,949   4,098   1,449   1,347   6,717 
Cost of share-based payment  387   700   117   224   874 
Taxes on income  2,097   221   1,071   84   (1,128)
Loss (gain) from sale of property and equipment  (8)  11      12   11 
Change in employee benefit liabilities, net  91   6   17   17   52 
   17,633   14,744   6,414   4,926   20,334 
Changes in asset and liability items:                    
                     
Decrease (increase) in trade receivables, net  (9,705)  3,249   (1,035)  10,004   (1,977)
Decrease in other accounts receivables  1,666   1,452   588   510   593 
Decrease (increase) in inventories  (6,593)  16,920   (3,333)  7,155   9,659 
Decrease in deferred expenses  331   336   119   97   476 
Increase (decrease) in trade payables  (3,497)  (10,747)  634   (5,655)  1,226 
Increase (decrease) in other accounts payables  (253)  (157)  630   881   1,413 
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues  851   (107)  845   14   23 
   (17,200)  10,946   (1,552)  13,006   11,413 
Cash received (paid) during the period for:                    
                     
Interest paid  (605)  (424)  (221)  (158)  (594)
Interest received  1,479   1,434   492   646   2,118 
Taxes paid  (19)  (158)  (13)  (70)  (139)
   855   852   258   418   1,385 
                     
Net cash provided by operating activities $17,924  $37,196  $10,416  $22,213  $47,594 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
 
  Nine months period Ended  Three months period Ended  Year Ended 
  September, 30  September, 30  December 31, 
  2025  2024  2025  2024  2024 
  Unaudited  Audited 
  U.S Dollars In thousands 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities               
Purchase of property and equipment and intangible assets $(7,071) $(7,816) $(3,589) $(2,124) $(10,740)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment  8   1         1 
Net cash used in investing activities  (7,063)  (7,815)  (3,589)  (2,124)  (10,739)
                     
Cash Flows from Financing Activities                    
                     
Proceeds from exercise of share base payments  49   3      1   7 
Repayment of lease liabilities  (833)  (890)  (415)  (319)  (1,251)
Repayment of other long-term liabilities  (4,848)  (12,316)  (339)  (4,468)  (12,667)
                     
Dividends Paid  (11,534)            
Net cash used in financing activities  (17,166)  (13,203)  (754)  (4,786)  (13,911)
                     
Exchange differences on balances of cash and cash equivalent  (133)  182   (61)  151   (150)
                     
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents  (6,438)  16,360   6,012   15,454   22,794 
                     
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period  78,435   55,641   65,985   56,547   55,641 
                     
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period $71,997  $72,001  $71,997  $72,001  $78,435 
                     
Significant non-cash transactions                    
Right-of-use asset recognized with corresponding lease liability $870  $3,163  $360  $2,642  $3,304 
Purchase of property and equipment and Intangible assets $555  $1,040  $(475) $1,040  $1,955 

NON-IFRS MEASURES
 
  Nine months period ended  Three months period ended  Year ended 
  September 30,  September 30,  December 31, 
  2025  2024  2025  2024  2024 
  U.S Dollars In thousands 
Net income $16,636  $10,654  $5,296  $3,863  $14,462 
Taxes on income  2,097   221   1,071   84   (1,128)
Financial expense (income), net  3,949   4,098   1,449   1,347   6,717 
Depreciation and amortization expense  11,122   9,708   3,765   3,242   13,218 
Non-cash share-based compensation expenses  387   700   117   224   867 
Adjusted EBITDA $34,191  $25,381  $11,698  $8,760  $34,136 

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Goldalea Capital Ltd. makes no warranties or representations as to the accuracy, completeness, or timeliness of the information provided. Markets are subject to constant change, and past performance is not a reliable indicator of future results.

Regional Restrictions:

The services offered by Goldalea Capital Ltd. may not be available to all persons or in all countries. It is the responsibility of the investor to ensure that they are authorized to use the services offered.

Please note: This disclaimer is for general information purposes only and does not replace individual legal or tax advice.