Debt Settlement Enrollment Linked to Greater Credit Score Declines Than Bankruptcy, New TransUnion Research Finds

Predictive indicators help lenders identify consumers likely to enroll in third-party debt settlement programs before traditional risk signals emerge

CHICAGO, Aug. 27, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — A new TransUnion (NYSE: TRU) analysis found that financially distressed consumers who enroll in third-party debt settlement programs may experience greater credit score declines than consumers who file for bankruptcy. The analysis also found that nearly half of debt settlement enrollees were current on their obligations when they entered the program.

Three months before enrollment, debt settlement consumers appeared slightly less risky than eventual bankruptcy filers, with a median VantageScore® 4.0 credit score of 587 versus 570. Near-prime consumers also represented a larger share of debt settlement enrollees, creating potential blind spots for lenders who may otherwise be able to work with consumers on alternative repayment options.

However, after enrollment, the pattern reversed. Among consumers who were current when they enrolled in debt settlement, median credit scores fell from 645 six months before enrollment to 549 six months afterward, a 96-point decline. Bankruptcy filers, in comparison, only experienced a 20-point decline over the same period, indicating debt settlement was significantly more damaging to a credit score for many consumers.

Debt Settlement Consumers Saw Greater Credit Score Declines Than Those Who Filed for Bankruptcy

“Consumers often view debt settlement as a less disruptive alternative to bankruptcy, but our research found outcomes can vary significantly based on a consumer’s circumstances,” said Jason Laky, executive vice president and head of financial services at TransUnion. “For consumers who entered debt settlement while current on their obligations, score declines were often more severe than those observed among bankruptcy filers. This underscores the importance of understanding settlement-related exposure when making credit and account management decisions.”

Identifying Debt Settlement Risk Before Enrollment

TransUnion’s research also found predictive measures that lenders can use to help identify consumers likely to opt for third-party debt settlement programs before enrollment occurs. More than half of all debt settlement enrollees were current at the time they entered a program, highlighting the limitations of relying solely on delinquency-based monitoring.

The analysis showed that combining bankruptcy-related risk signals with trended credit attributes significantly improved identification rates. Adding TruVision™ attributes enabled the model to capture an additional 25% of debt settlement enrollees within the highest-risk 10% of consumers, with meaningful gains across broader scoring bands as well.

“Many consumers entering debt settlement programs are not yet showing traditional distress indicators such as delinquency,” said Michele Raneri, vice president and head of U.S. research and consulting at TransUnion. “Combining bankruptcy-related risk signals with credit trends like rising utilization, growing balances and increased unsecured borrowing helps lenders identify potential debt settlement enrollment earlier, make better credit decisions, and discuss alternative options with borrowers.”

These findings suggest lenders can better identify debt settlement enrollment risk by monitoring rising balances, higher utilization, growth in unsecured personal loans, and changes in trade activity. Applying these indicators to portfolio reviews, account management, prescreening and credit line increase strategies may help detect enrollment risk earlier. This enables more precise credit decisions and stronger portfolio management before risk appears through delinquency or other performance declines.

To learn more about how TruVision can help lenders more precisely balance risk and opportunity with risk management products that identify and manage best-fit customers across the account lifecycle, click here.

About TransUnion (NYSE: TRU)

TransUnion is a global information and insights company with over 13,000 associates operating in more than 30 countries. We make trust possible by ensuring each person is reliably represented in the marketplace. We do this with a Tru™ picture of each person: an actionable view of consumers, stewarded with care. Through our acquisitions and technology investments, we have developed innovative solutions that extend beyond our strong foundation in core credit into areas such as marketing, fraud, risk and advanced analytics. As a result, consumers and businesses can transact with confidence and achieve great things. We call this Information for Good® — and it leads to economic opportunity, great experiences and personal empowerment for millions of people around the world.

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